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Caudate nucleus
The caudate nucleus is one of three basic structures that make up the basal ganglia, along with the putamen and globus pallidus. Also, in conjunction with the thalamus and two related structures (the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus), the caudate nucleus constitutes a system that is responsible largely for voluntary movement. While this system has long been associated with motor processes due primarily to the basal ganglia’s role in Parkinson's disease, there is mounting evidence that the structures that make up the basal ganglia—the caudate nucleus included—play important roles in various other nonmotor functions as well. Organizationally, the interplay between the basal ganglia and various regions in the brain is best described as a series of cortico-striatal loops, in which the ''striatum'' receives axons from the ''cortex'' (along with the putamen, the caudate nuclei are the main input regions for the basal ganglia), processes the information, then relays this back to distinct ''cortical regions'' (hence the name ''cortico-striatal''). The caudate plays an important role in three of these loops: the oculomotor, dorsolateral, and ventral/orbital circuits.〔 In a related way then, the caudate nucleus has been implicated with voluntary movement, learning, memory, sleep, and social behavior.
==Structure==
Together with the putamen, the caudate forms the dorsal striatum or striate nucleus. The dorsal striatum is considered a single functional structure, yet because it is separated by a large white matter tract –– the internal capsule –– it is often referred to as two structures, the medial dorsal striatum (the caudate) and the lateral dorsal striatum (the putamen). In this vein, the two are functionally distinct not as a result of structural differences, but merely due to the topographical distribution of function.
The caudate nuclei are located near the center of the brain, sitting astride the thalamus. There is a caudate nucleus within each hemisphere of the brain. Individually, they resemble a C-shape structure with a wider "head" (''caput'' in Latin) at the front, tapering to a "body" (''corpus'') and a "tail" (''cauda''). Sometimes a part of the caudate nucleus is referred to as the "knee" (''genu'').
The head and body of the caudate nucleus form part of the floor of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle. After the body travels briefly towards the back of the head, the tail curves back toward the anterior, forming the roof of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. This means that a coronal (on a plane parallel to the face) section that cuts through the tail will also cross the body and head of the caudate nucleus.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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